RESUMEN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN DE VENOM®
Beta-alanina
Un aminoácido no esencial que constituye (junto con el aminoácido histidina) el complejo aminoácido carnosina; Mantiene el equilibrio del pH en el tejido muscular durante el ejercicio eliminando el exceso de iones de hidrógeno generados durante el entrenamiento.
Las investigaciones han demostrado que favorece el aumento de la producción muscular y la resistencia al entrenamiento anaeróbico1
Se ha demostrado que reduce la percepción de fatiga y retrasa la aparición del agotamiento volitivo durante el entrenamiento2
Aunque los mecanismos aún están bajo investigación, los datos sugieren que la beta-alanina puede contribuir a aumentar la masa muscular magra3
CaloriBurn GP®
También conocida como pimienta de caimán o granos del paraíso; se utiliza tradicionalmente como una especia picante y botánicamente pertenece a la misma familia que el jengibre, compartiendo muchos de los mismos bioactivos
Parece poseer algunos mecanismos antidiabéticos y antiobesos4,5
Demuestra que aumenta la tasa metabólica y mejora la quema de calorías; activa el tejido adiposo marrón (BAT) y convierte el tejido adiposo blanco en BAT6
Nitrosigina®
Una nueva unión de arginina, inositol y silicato de potasio que se combina para aprovechar los efectos de mejora de la función coronaria tanto de la arginina como del silicato en una forma estabilizada con inositol que ofrece una biodisponibilidad mejorada tanto del silicato como de la arginina en comparación con la L-arginina tradicional sola
Las investigaciones sugieren que 1,5 g de Nitrosigine® funcionan igual de bien, si no mejor, que 8 g de Citrulina Malate7
Funciona hasta un 500% más eficazmente que la arginina HCL8 tradicional
Mejora significativamente el flujo sanguíneo para las bombas musculares mediante la relajación de los vasos sanguíneos9
Se ha demostrado que mejora la capacidad de realizar pruebas cognitivas complejas que requieren flexibilidad mental, velocidad de procesamiento y funcionamiento ejecutivo10
Promueve bombas musculares sostenidas y una mejor entrega de nutrientes11
S7®
Low dose blend of seven plant-based ingredients that increase endogenous nitric oxide production
Shown to increase bioavailable nitric oxide by 230% above baseline12
L-Tyrosine
Naturally occurring amino acid found in the diet that is metabolized to produce catecholamines such as dopamine and adrenaline13
It seems to provide a 'safety buffer' of building blocks that can prolong the anti-stress effect of catecholamines by delaying depletion14
Shown to help decrease serotonin to dopamine ratio during exercise, decreasing the perception of fatigue15
Caffeine Anhydrous
Central nervous system stimulant of the methylxanthine class; World’s most widely consumed psychoactive drug
Works by blocking the action of adenosine receptors, preventing the onset of drowsiness16; Creates alertness and wakefulness via antagonizing the adenosine receptors in the brain17
Shown to increase anaerobic running (sprint) performance and increase muscular power output18,19
Decreases the sensation of fatigue and increases mental performance20
Supports elevated mood state21
Dynamine® (Methylliberine)
Purine alkaloid found naturally in the Kucha leaf; Similar in chemical structure to TeaCrine®
Amplifies feelings of energy, mood, and cognitive focus via activation of dopamine receptors and inhibiting adenosine receptors
It doesn’t elevate heart rate or blood pressure.
L-Theanine
An amino acid that is considered non-essential; Deemed non-dietary amino acid that is primarily supplemented
Research shows increases in Alpha brain waves with decreases in Beta brain waves; Indicates more mental alertness with relaxation but without causing sedation22
Shown to work well with stimulatory ingredients such as caffeine as it can ‘take the edge’ or anxiety aspect away when paired; Additionally, this combination is beneficial for improving performance on cognitively demanding tasks23
Yohimbe HCL
Naturally occurring alkaloid found in a tree native to western Africa - Can also be found in the plant Rauwolfia; Active alkaloid is Yohimbine.
Shown to possess stimulatory properties; Acts through the adrenergic system as an Alpha agonist and increases adrenaline and noradrenaline – potent CNS stimulants24
Areas of higher body fat tend to have more alpha-2 adrenergic receptors – Yohimbine binds to these receptors, which inhibits the regulatory process in fat cells that normally blunts fat burning25
Research has shown that it can aid in maintaining lean muscle while dropping body fat26
Huperzine A
A compound extracted from the herbs of the Huperziceae family; Known as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, meaning that it stops enzymes from breaking down acetylcholine (the leading neurotransmitter in the brain)27
Research indicates that it offers a neuroprotective effect; Has been shown to reverser or attenuate cognitive deficits28
References
(1) Hobson, R. M. Effects of β-Alanine Supplementation on Exercise Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Amino Acids J. 2012, 43 (1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-011-1200-z.
(2) Zanella, P. Effects of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Performance and Muscle Fatigue in Athletes and Non-Athletes of Different Sports: A Systematic Review. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 2017, 57 (9), 1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06582-8.
(3) Smith, A. Effects of Beta-Alanine Supplementation and High-Intensity Interval Training on Endurance Performance and Body Composition in Men; A Double-Blind Trial. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2009, 6 (5). https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-6-5.
(4) Hattori, H. Identification of Vanilloid Compounds in Grains of Paradise and Their Effects on Sympathetic Nerve Activity. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2018, 98 (12), 4742–4748. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9009.
(5) Mohammed, A. Inhibition of Key Enzymes Linked to Type 2 Diabetes by Compounds Isolated from Aframomum Melegueta Fruit. Pharm. Biol. 2017, 55 (1), 1010–1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1286358.
(6) Sugita, J. Grains of Paradise (Aframomum Melegueta) Extract Activates Brown Adipose Tissue and Increases Whole-Body Energy Expenditure in Men. Br. J. Nutr. 2013, 110 (4), 733–738. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512005715.
(7) Rogers, J. Comparing the Acute Effects of Citrulline Malate and Nitrosigine Supplementation in Young Adults, 2019.
(8) Proctor, S. A Novel Complex of Arginine-Silicate Improves Micro- and Macrovascular Function and Inhibits Glomerular Sclerosis in Insulin-Resistant JCR:LA-Cp Rats. Diabetologia 2005, 48 (9), 1925–1932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-005-1862-8.
(9) Rood-Ojalvo, S. The Benefits of Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate as a Workout Ingredient. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2015, 12 (Suppl 1), P14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-12-S1-P14.
(10) Kalman, D. Randomized Prospective Double-Blind Studies to Evaluate the Cognitive Effects of Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate in Healthy Physically Active Adults. Nutrients 2016, 8 (11), 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110736.
(11) Komorowski, J. A Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of the Duration of Effect of Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate and Arginine Hydrochloride in Healthy Adult Males. Nutrition 2016, 30 (1).
(12) Nemzer, B. Oxidative Stress or Redox Signalling - New Insights into the Effects of a Proprietary Multifunctional Botanical Dietary Supplement. Free Radic. Res. 2018, 52 (3), 362–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2017.1390228.
(13) Fernstrom, J. Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, and Catecholamine Synthesis and Function in the Brain. J. Nutr. 2007, 137 (6), 1539S-1547S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.6.1539S.
(14) Agharanya, J. Changes in Catecholamine Excretion after Short-Term Tyrosine Ingestion in Normally Fed Human Subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1981, 34 (1), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/34.1.82.
(15) Cordeiro, L. Physical Exercise-Induced Fatigue: The Role of Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Systems. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 2017, 50 (12). https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20176432.
(16) Ribeiro, J. Caffeine and Adenosine. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2010, 20 (Suppl 1), S3-15. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-1379.
(17) Fredholm, B. Astra Award Lecture. Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors and the Actions of Caffeine. J. Pharmacolological Toxicol. Methods 76 (2), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1995.tb00111.x.
(18) Arcoverde, L. Effect of Caffeine Ingestion on Anaerobic Capacity Quantified by Different Methods. PLoS One 2017, 12 (6), e0179457. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179457.
(19) Wilk, M. The Acute Effect of Various Doses of Caffeine on Power Output and Velocity during the Bench Press Exercise among Athletes Habitually Using Caffeine. Nutr. J. 2019, 11 (7), 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071465.
(20) Maridakis, V. Sensitivity to Change in Cognitive Performance and Mood Measures of Energy and Fatigue in Response to Morning Caffeine Alone or in Combination with Carbohydrate. Int. J. Neurosci. 119 (8), 1239–1258. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450802333987.
(21) Dodd, F. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Effects of Caffeine and L-Theanine Both Alone and in Combination on Cerebral Blood Flow, Cognition and Mood. Psychopharmacol. Berl. 232 (14), 2563–2576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-3895-0.
(22) Nobre, A. L-Theanine, a Natural Constituent in Tea, and Its Effect on Mental State. Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr. 2008, 17 (Suppl 1), 167–168.
(23) Owen, G. The Combined Effects of L-Theanine and Caffeine on Cognitive Performance and Mood. Nutr. Neurosci. 2008, 11 (4), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1179/147683008X301513.
(24) Tam, S. Yohimbine: A Clinical Review. Pharmacol. Ther. 2001, 91 (3), 215–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-7258(01)00156-5.
(25) Galitzky, J. Alpha 2-Antagonist Compounds, and Lipid Mobilization: Evidence for a Lipid Mobilizing Effect of Oral Yohimbine in Healthy Male Volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1988, 18 (6), 587–594. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1988.tb01272.x.
(26) Ostojic, S. Yohimbine: The Effects on Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Soccer Players. Res. Sports Med. 2006, 14 (4), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620600987106.
(27) Zhao, Q. Effects of Huperzine A on Acetylcholinesterase Isoforms in Vitro: Comparison With Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine and Physostigmine. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2002, 455 (2–3), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02589-x.
(28) Wang, R. Neuroprotective Effects of Huperzine A. A Natural Cholinesterase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurosignals 2005, 14 (1–2), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1159/000085387.
